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Para-jumble Sentences
Q. 28: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
1. Self-management is thus defined as the âindividualâs ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and lifestyle changes inherent in living with a chronic conditionâ.
2. Most people with progressive diseases like dementia prefer to have control over their own lives and health-care for as long as possible.
3. Having control means, among other things, that patients themselves perform self-management activities.
4. Supporting people in decisions and actions that promote self-management is called self-management support requiring a cooperative relationship between the patient, the family, and the professionals.
Solution with Explanation
Correct Answer: 2314
Detailed explanation by Wordpandit:
After reading the options, we can notice straightaway that Sentences 2 and 3 form a âsetâ. They both talk about the self-control desired by people suffering from progressive diseases, and what having such control entails.
The end of Sentence-3 introduces the term self-management, which is literally defined in Sentence-1.
After understanding self-management, we can move to Sentence-4, which explains what âself-management supportâ is all about.
Hence, the correct sequence will be 2314.
Word-1: Progressive
Context:
"Most people with progressive diseases like dementia prefer to have control over their own lives and health-care for as long as possible." - Source Unknown
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Progressive" in this context refers to a condition that gradually worsens over time. It describes diseases like dementia that do not remain stable but instead develop in severity. More generally, the word can be used in a range of contextsâfrom politics to medicineâto indicate steady advancement, either positively (like progressive reforms) or negatively (as with a progressive illness).
Meaning: Developing gradually or in stages, often becoming more severe or advanced over time (Adjective)
Pronunciation: pruh-GRES-iv
Difficulty Level: ââ Basic
Etymology: From Latin *progressus*, meaning âan advance, a going forwardâ
Prashant Sir's Notes:
"Progressive" is a versatile wordâpositive in some cases (like progressive thinking or politics), negative in others (as in progressive diseases). Always check the context. In health and biology, it almost always implies worsening over time.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: advancing, developing, worsening (medical); forward-thinking, reformist (social/political)
Antonyms: static, stagnant, regressive, declining (in reform contexts)
Usage Examples:
- Dementia is a progressive condition that affects memory and cognition over time.
- The company implemented progressive policies to support mental health.
- Symptoms of the disease became progressively more severe over the months.
- She supports progressive taxation as a way to reduce income inequality.
Cultural Reference:
The "Progressive Era" in U.S. history (1890sâ1920s) marked a time of social activism and political reform aimed at addressing inequality and corruption.
Think About It:
Why do you think âprogressiveâ can have both positive and negative meanings depending on context?
Quick Activity:
Write two sentences: one using âprogressiveâ to describe something positive, and one using it to describe something negative.
Memory Tip:
Think âprogressâ = movement forward â but remember, forward can mean toward improvement or toward worsening, depending on whatâs progressing!
Real-World Application:
Understanding the term "progressive" is essential in medicine, politics, and education, where changeâwhether good or badâis tracked over time and affects decision-making.
Word-2: Perform
Context:
"Having control means, among other things, that patients themselves perform self-management activities." - Source Unknown
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Perform" in this context means to carry out or do an action or task. Here, it highlights that patients actively take responsibility for tasks related to their health, such as taking medication, exercising, or monitoring symptoms. The word is widely used in various fields, from healthcare to theatre to professional evaluations, and its meaning can shift slightly based on contextâbut it always involves some form of action or execution.
Meaning: To carry out or execute an action, task, or function (Verb)
Pronunciation: per-FORM
Difficulty Level: ââ Basic
Etymology: From Old French *parformer*, from Latin *performare*, meaning âto form thoroughlyâ
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a functional, action-oriented word. Context decides its flavorâwhether someone is *performing a surgery*, *performing on stage*, or *performing duties*. Note the difference between âperformâ (to do) and âbehaveâ (to act in a certain way).
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: carry out, execute, act, accomplish, undertake
Antonyms: neglect, avoid, fail, omit
Usage Examples:
- Patients are encouraged to perform their daily self-care routines.
- The surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow morning.
- She performed exceptionally well in the final interview.
- The actor performed on stage with great confidence.
Cultural Reference:
âAll the worldâs a stage, and all the men and women merely playersâŠâ â William Shakespeare (from *As You Like It*), using âperformâ in the metaphorical sense of living life like a role or act.
Think About It:
In what ways is performing a responsibility different from simply knowing it needs to be done?
Quick Activity:
Write two sentences using "perform" â one in a medical context and one in an artistic context.
Memory Tip:
Think âper + formâ â to form something through effort or action = perform!
Real-World Application:
âPerformâ is widely used in work evaluations, medical care, education, and entertainment â it captures the idea of actively doing what is expected or necessary.
Word-3: Self-management
Context:
"Having control means, among other things, that patients themselves perform self-management activities." - Source Unknown
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Self-management" refers to a person's ability to regulate and take responsibility for their own actions, decisions, and routinesâespecially in relation to health, emotions, or productivity. In the sentence, it highlights how patients take charge of their own careâlike tracking symptoms, following medical advice, and making lifestyle adjustments. Itâs a key concept in chronic illness care, time management, education, and personal development, reflecting independence and discipline.
Meaning: The act of taking responsibility for oneâs own behavior, health, or tasks without external supervision (Noun)
Pronunciation: self-MAN-ij-muhnt
Difficulty Level: âââ Intermediate
Etymology: From *self* (referring to the person) + *management* (from Latin *manus* = hand, and *agere* = to do)
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a powerful concept in both education and healthcare. It involves not just awareness but action. It goes beyond "knowing what to do" to "doing it regularly, on your own." A great word for essays on responsibility and autonomy.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: autonomy, self-regulation, self-discipline, independence
Antonyms: dependence, mismanagement, external control
Usage Examples:
- Effective self-management is crucial for people living with diabetes.
- The school implemented a program to teach self-management skills to students.
- Self-management can increase productivity in remote working environments.
- Her recovery was largely due to her strong self-management habits.
Cultural Reference:
The concept of self-management gained prominence in health education during the rise of chronic disease management models in the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly in patient empowerment literature.
Think About It:
How does self-management improve not only your performance but also your confidence and independence?
Quick Activity:
List 3 self-management activities you practice regularly. How do they help you stay in control?
Memory Tip:
âSelf-managementâ = managing *yourself* â imagine being your own coach, boss, and motivator all in one!
Real-World Application:
Self-management is a life skillâcritical for managing chronic illnesses, studying effectively, working remotely, and leading a balanced lifestyle.
Word-4: Psychosocial
Context:
"Self-management is thus defined as the âindividualâs ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and lifestyle changes inherent in living with a chronic conditionâ." - Source Unknown
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Psychosocial" refers to the interaction between a personâs psychological state (thoughts, emotions, mental health) and their social environment (relationships, culture, society). In the sentence, it describes how chronic illness doesnât just affect the body, but also impacts emotions, self-esteem, support systems, and roles in society. Itâs a commonly used term in healthcare, psychology, and social work, emphasizing the holistic impact of health issues.
Meaning: Relating to the combined influence of psychological and social factors (Adjective)
Pronunciation: sy-koh-SOH-shuhl
Difficulty Level: âââ Intermediate
Etymology: From *psycho-* (Greek *psykhÄ*, meaning âsoulâ or âmindâ) + *social* (from Latin *socialis*, ârelating to societyâ)
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This word helps connect the inner world of a person (feelings, stress, identity) with their external world (family, community, culture). Itâs often used in medical counseling, therapy, and chronic illness literature. Remember: itâs not purely mental or purely social â itâs both!
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: emotional-social, mental-social, mind-society related
Antonyms: purely physical, purely psychological (context-dependent)
Usage Examples:
- The treatment plan includes addressing the patientâs psychosocial needs.
- Psychosocial factors like isolation and stress can worsen chronic illnesses.
- Support groups offer psychosocial support to cancer survivors.
- Her job loss had a major psychosocial impact on her well-being.
Cultural Reference:
Erik Erikson, a well-known developmental psychologist, proposed a theory of *psychosocial development* that describes eight stages humans go through from infancy to adulthood, each involving social and emotional growth.
Think About It:
Why is it important to consider both psychological and social dimensions when treating chronic illnesses?
Quick Activity:
Think of a situation where someone's health affected their psychosocial life. List two ways it impacted both their emotions and social interactions.
Memory Tip:
Break it into two: *psycho* (mind) + *social* (relationships) = everything that links your inner world with your outer one.
Real-World Application:
Psychosocial care is a cornerstone of treatment for chronic diseases, mental health conditions, trauma recovery, and even education, because humans donât exist in isolation â their minds and social settings are deeply connected.
Word-5: Cooperative
Context:
"Supporting people in decisions and actions that promote self-management is called self-management support requiring a cooperative relationship between the patient, the family, and the professionals." - Source Unknown
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Cooperative" describes a situation, attitude, or behavior where people work together willingly and effectively toward a shared goal. In this sentence, it refers to the mutual understanding and collaboration between patients, families, and healthcare professionals to manage chronic conditions. The word emphasizes partnership, teamwork, and shared responsibility, which are essential in healthcare and many other real-life scenarios.
Meaning: Involving mutual assistance and willingness to work together (Adjective)
Pronunciation: koh-OP-er-uh-tiv
Difficulty Level: ââ Basic
Etymology: From Latin *cooperari*, meaning âto work togetherâ (*co-* = together + *operari* = to work)
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This word can describe a personality trait (a cooperative student) or a style of work (a cooperative approach). It is also a noun when referring to a business model (e.g., a farmers' cooperative). In most learning and caregiving contexts, being cooperative is vital for success.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: collaborative, helpful, team-oriented, united, supportive
Antonyms: uncooperative, resistant, individualistic, defiant
Usage Examples:
- The nurse praised the patient for being cooperative during the treatment process.
- A cooperative relationship between doctors and families improves patient outcomes.
- Children who are cooperative tend to thrive in group learning settings.
- The committee took a cooperative approach to resolve the issue quickly.
Cultural Reference:
In many rural areas globally, agricultural cooperatives are formed where farmers pool resources to increase efficiency and market reachâdemonstrating the power of cooperative economics.
Think About It:
What makes a relationship or team truly cooperative, and how can we foster that in high-stress environments like hospitals or schools?
Quick Activity:
Write down three ways you can show cooperative behavior in group work or family decisions.
Memory Tip:
âCo-operativeâ means *co* (together) + *operate* (work) â working together!
Real-World Application:
Cooperative relationships are vital in healthcare, education, workplaces, and communitiesâwhere mutual support leads to better results than working alone.
