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Para-jumble Sentences
22. The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your Answer:
1. In the central nervous systems of other animal species, such a comprehensive regeneration of neurons has not yet been proven beyond doubt.
2. Biologists from the University of Bayreuth have discovered a uniquely rapid form of regeneration in injured neurons and their function in the central nervous system of zebrafish.
3. They studied the Mauthner cells, which are solely responsible for the escape behaviour of the fish, and previously regarded as incapable of regeneration.
4. However, their ability to regenerate crucially depends on the location of the injury.
Solution with Explanation
Answer:2341
Explanation:
Solution by Wordpandit
Upon an initial examination of the provided sentences, it becomes apparent that the central theme of the paragraph revolves around the remarkable process of neuron regeneration in zebrafish. This discovery is first introduced in Statement 2, where it is elucidated that zebrafish exhibit an exceptionally swift form of regeneration within injured neurons, a phenomenon that significantly influences their functioning within the central nervous system.
Additional crucial details are presented in Statement 3, which not only delves into the specific types of cells that were studied in the context of this research but also underscores how this finding has disrupted the prevailing status quo of understanding neuron regeneration.
As the paragraph progresses, Statement 4 supplements the reader's comprehension by clarifying a critical variable in the research: the precise location of the injury on the zebrafish. This piece of information is pivotal in comprehending the intricacies of the regenerative process under scrutiny.
Lastly, the paragraph culminates with Statement 1, which pivots the narrative from a factual account of the zebrafish study to a broader opinion that pertains to the applicability of the regeneration phenomenon to other animal species. This transition in tone and scope serves to expand the significance of the initial discovery and opens up avenues for further exploration and discussion.
Consequently, the most cohesive arrangement that encapsulates the logical flow of the paragraph is 2341. By following this sequence, the paragraph seamlessly transitions from introducing the unique regeneration phenomenon in zebrafish (Statement 2) to providing additional details (Statement 3), further clarifying the context (Statement 4), and finally, offering an insightful opinion on the broader implications of the discovery (Statement 1). This arrangement ensures that the reader is guided through a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter while maintaining the coherence and logical progression of ideas.
Word-1: Regeneration
Context:
"In the central nervous systems of other animal species, such a comprehensive regeneration of neurons has not yet been proven beyond doubt." - Neuroscience Article
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Regeneration" refers to the process of renewal, restoration, or growth—particularly after damage or loss. In biological contexts, it describes how cells, tissues, or organs are repaired or regrown, often returning to a functional state. In the given sentence, regeneration specifically applies to neurons (nerve cells) in the central nervous system. This kind of recovery is rare and still being studied extensively. The word can also be used metaphorically in social, spiritual, or environmental contexts to signify revival or rebirth.
Meaning: The process of renewal or restoration, especially after injury or loss (Noun)
Pronunciation: ree-jen-uh-RAY-shun
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐ Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin "regeneratio" meaning “re-creation, renewal,” from "re-" (again) + "generare" (to produce)
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a crucial scientific term but also very versatile. In essays, use it in both literal and figurative contexts: biological regeneration (like neurons, limbs, coral reefs) or social regeneration (urban regeneration, spiritual renewal). It suggests hope and recovery.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: renewal, restoration, healing, revival, regrowth
Antonyms: degeneration, decay, deterioration, atrophy
Usage Examples:
- The liver is known for its remarkable capacity for regeneration.
- Urban regeneration projects have transformed the city’s abandoned industrial zones.
- Scientists are studying stem cells for their potential role in nerve regeneration.
- After the wildfire, the forest began a slow but steady regeneration.
Cultural Reference:
"Doctor Who," a famous British sci-fi series, uses the concept of “regeneration” to explain the transformation of its main character into a new actor—a metaphor for physical and narrative renewal.
Think About It:
Can regeneration always return something to its original state, or does it inevitably lead to something new and different?
Quick Activity:
Identify one biological and one social example of regeneration. Briefly describe how each works or what it aims to restore.
Memory Tip:
“Re-” means “again,” and “generation” means “creation” — so “regeneration” = “creating again” after damage or loss.
Real-World Application:
Regeneration is a key concept in medicine (e.g., tissue engineering), urban planning, environmental conservation, and spiritual or mental healing. Understanding its various forms helps us approach recovery and transformation with science and empathy.
Word-2: Neurons
Context:
"In the central nervous systems of other animal species, such a comprehensive regeneration of neurons has not yet been proven beyond doubt." - Neuroscience Article
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Neurons" are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. These specialized cells are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals. Neurons form complex networks in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, enabling us to think, feel, move, and sense the world. In the context of the sentence, the focus is on the ability (or inability) of neurons to regenerate in different species—an area of great interest in neuroscience and medical research, especially in relation to healing brain or spinal injuries.
Meaning: Nerve cells that transmit signals in the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system (Noun – plural)
Pronunciation: NYOO-ronz or NOO-ronz
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐ Beginner
Etymology: From Greek “neuron” meaning “nerve, sinew”
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a must-know word in biology and psychology. Associate “neurons” with signal transmission—messages moving through the body. You can’t talk about thinking, memory, or sensation without talking about neurons!
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: nerve cells, brain cells, neural cells
Antonyms: (No direct antonyms, but conceptually opposite to non-neural cells like skin cells or muscle cells)
Usage Examples:
- Neurons communicate with each other through synapses using chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
- The disease damages neurons, leading to memory loss and confusion.
- During brain development, billions of neurons form complex neural pathways.
- Scientists are studying how to repair or replace damaged neurons after a spinal injury.
Cultural Reference:
"You have more neurons in your brain than stars in the Milky Way," is a common way educators describe the brain's complexity in neuroscience education.
Think About It:
What would happen if neurons could regenerate as easily as skin cells? How would that impact medicine and memory?
Quick Activity:
Draw a simple diagram of a neuron. Label its parts: dendrite, axon, cell body, and synapse. Describe each part's function briefly.
Memory Tip:
“Neuron” sounds like “new run” — think of neurons as highways that help information “run” through your body.
Real-World Application:
Understanding neurons is essential for careers in neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and AI. They're at the heart of research into Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, brain injuries, and even human-computer interfaces.
Word-3: Uniquely
Context:
"Biologists from the University of Bayreuth have discovered a uniquely rapid form of regeneration in injured neurons and their function in the central nervous system of zebrafish." - Scientific Research Report
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Uniquely" is an adverb used to describe something in a way that highlights its one-of-a-kind nature. It emphasizes that a quality, feature, or action is different from anything else—often in a positive or notable sense. In this sentence, "uniquely rapid" means that the regeneration process observed in zebrafish neurons is not just fast but unusually or remarkably fast in a way that sets it apart from similar biological processes in other species. The word underscores the special or rare nature of the discovery.
Meaning: In a way that is different from anything or anyone else; exceptionally or distinctively (Adverb)
Pronunciation: yoo-NEEK-lee
Difficulty Level: ⭐ Beginner
Etymology: From Latin "unicus" meaning "only, sole," derived from "unus" (one)
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a common but powerful word. Use "uniquely" to add emphasis in writing. It pairs well with adjectives like "qualified," "talented," "designed," or "positioned." However, make sure what you're describing truly stands out—don't overuse it.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: distinctively, exceptionally, unusually, singularly, differently
Antonyms: ordinarily, commonly, typically, normally, regularly
Usage Examples:
- Each culture celebrates festivals in a uniquely vibrant way.
- The artist is uniquely talented in blending traditional and modern styles.
- Zebrafish are uniquely capable of regenerating damaged nervous tissue.
- The startup is uniquely positioned to solve this problem using AI.
Cultural Reference:
"America is uniquely positioned to lead the world in innovation." – Barack Obama, emphasizing the nation's distinct advantages
Think About It:
What makes a person or idea “uniquely” valuable? Can something be unique if many others also claim it?
Quick Activity:
Write a sentence about yourself using "uniquely" to describe one of your strengths or interests. Be specific!
Memory Tip:
“Uniquely” comes from “unique,” which means “one of a kind.” Just remember: it’s about what makes something stand out.
Real-World Application:
"Uniquely" is a useful word in resumes, personal statements, marketing, and scientific writing when you want to highlight special qualities, innovations, or advantages that differentiate you or your work.
Word-4: Responsible
Context:
"They studied the Mauthner cells, which are solely responsible for the escape behaviour of the fish, and previously regarded as incapable of regeneration." - Neuroscience Research Article
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Responsible" describes the state of having control over or being the cause of something. It can imply accountability, duty, or direct involvement in producing an effect or result. In the sentence above, it means that the Mauthner cells are the direct cause of, or key contributors to, the escape behavior observed in zebrafish. That is, without these specific neurons functioning, the rapid escape reaction would not occur. This usage focuses on causation rather than moral or legal accountability, which is another common use of the word.
Meaning: Being the cause of or having a specific role in producing a result or outcome (Adjective)
Pronunciation: ri-SPON-suh-buhl
Difficulty Level: ⭐ Beginner
Etymology: From Latin "respondere" meaning “to answer or respond,” suggesting accountability or causation
Prashant Sir's Notes:
"Responsible" is context-dependent. In scientific writing, it means causation or function (e.g., ‘X is responsible for Y’). In social or ethical contexts, it means duty or accountability. Always check how it’s being used—don’t confuse the two!
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: accountable, in charge of, in control of, causative, answerable
Antonyms: unaccountable, uninvolved, unrelated, exempt, blameless
Usage Examples:
- Specific genes are responsible for regulating cell growth and repair.
- The manager is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the store.
- The enzyme is responsible for breaking down the sugar molecules during digestion.
- Who is responsible for updating the project’s progress reports?
Cultural Reference:
"With great power comes great responsibility." – Famous quote from Spider-Man, often used to highlight moral responsibility
Think About It:
Can one entity ever be solely responsible for an outcome, or are most actions the result of many contributing factors?
Quick Activity:
Write two sentences: one where “responsible” is used in a scientific context, and one where it shows moral or legal duty.
Memory Tip:
Think: “Respond-able” — if you are responsible, you are able to respond or explain why something happened.
Real-World Application:
Whether in science, business, or ethics, knowing who or what is responsible helps us assign credit, fix problems, or improve systems. It’s crucial for accountability, diagnosis, and progress.
Word-5: Crucially
Context:
"However, their ability to regenerate crucially depends on the location of the injury." - Neuroscience Research Article
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Crucially" is an adverb used to emphasize the importance or essential nature of a condition, detail, or factor in a situation. It suggests that something has a decisive impact on the outcome. In the context of neuron regeneration, it means that the success of regeneration is not uniform—it significantly or fundamentally hinges on where the injury occurs. This highlights the complexity and precision of biological processes, showing that small variations can lead to very different results.
Meaning: In a way that is of great importance; decisively or essentially (Adverb)
Pronunciation: KROO-shuh-lee
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐ Beginner
Etymology: From Latin “crux” meaning “cross” or “a decisive point”; developed through Middle English from “crucial,” meaning “critical”
Prashant Sir's Notes:
“Crucially” is an academic favorite—it adds weight and emphasis. Use it to signal a key point or condition in essays and reports. Ideal for transitions and contrasts like: “Crucially, this depends on…” or “Crucially, we must note…”
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: essentially, vitally, importantly, significantly, decisively
Antonyms: insignificantly, trivially, unimportantly, marginally
Usage Examples:
- The outcome of the experiment crucially depended on maintaining a constant temperature.
- Crucially, the judge considered new evidence that shifted the direction of the case.
- Regeneration capacity crucially varies depending on the part of the brain affected.
- Crucially, public trust must be rebuilt for the reform to succeed.
Cultural Reference:
"Crucially, the Beatles changed not just music but youth culture and fashion." – Popular Culture Documentary
Think About It:
What factors in your personal or professional life do you think crucially affect your success—but often go unnoticed?
Quick Activity:
Rewrite this sentence with “crucially” included for emphasis: “The project’s success depends on the team’s cooperation.”
Memory Tip:
Link it to “crucial” — if something is crucial, it’s key; if something happens “crucially,” it plays a key role in the result.
Real-World Application:
Use “crucially” in presentations, essays, and formal discussions when highlighting key variables, essential causes, or turning points. It sharpens your analysis and signals depth of understanding.
