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Para-jumble Sentences
Question 24: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
1. Fish skin collagen has excellent thermo-stability and tensile strength making it ideal for use as bandage that adheres to the skin and adjusts to body movements.
2. Collagen, one of the main structural proteins in connective tissues in the human body, is well known for promoting skin regeneration.
3. Fish skin swims in here as diseases and bacteria that affect fish are different from most human pathogens.
4. The risk of introducing disease agents into other species through the use of pig and cow collagen proteins for wound healing has inhibited its broader applications in the medical field.
Solution with Explanation
Answer: 2431
Solution by Wordpandit:
Upon a close examination of the sentences, it becomes evident that the overarching subject matter of the paragraph is focused on the biological and medical applications of a particular structural protein known as collagen.
Sequence Breakdown:
Sentence 2 introduces collagen by definition and explains its role in promoting skin regeneration. This acts as the logical entry point for the paragraph.
Sentence 4 then continues the discussion by outlining the limitation of using mammalian collagen (from pigs and cows) due to the risk of transmitting disease agents across species.
Sentence 3 offers an alternative by introducing fish skin as a safer source of collagen, since fish pathogens are different from those affecting humans. This directly addresses the concern mentioned in sentence 4 and transitions to a solution.
Sentence 1 concludes the paragraph by detailing the technical benefits of fish collagen, specifically its thermo-stability and tensile strength, which make it suitable for medical applications such as wound bandages.
Final Logical Sequence: 2-4-3-1
This order creates a clear progression:
- introduction to collagen (2),
- problems with current sources (4),
- proposed alternative (3),
- and the benefits of this alternative (1).
Word-1: Thermo-stability
Context:
"Fish skin collagen has excellent thermo-stability and tensile strength making it ideal for use as bandage that adheres to the skin and adjusts to body movements."
Explanatory Paragraph:
Thermo-stability refers to the ability of a substance to retain its structural and functional integrity at elevated temperatures. In biological and material sciences, thermo-stable materials are valued because they do not break down, deform, or lose effectiveness when exposed to heat. In this context, the fish skin collagen remains durable and effective even under the warmth of the human body, making it highly suitable for medical applications like skin bandages.
Meaning: The ability to remain stable and effective under heat (Noun)
Pronunciation: thur-moh-stuh-BIH-luh-tee
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐ Intermediate
Etymology: From Greek "thermo" meaning heat and Latin "stabilis" meaning stable or firm.
Prashant Sir's Notes:
“Thermo” is a prefix that always relates to heat, and “stability” indicates resistance to change. When combined, the term highlights a material's ability to withstand thermal stress without degrading.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: heat-resistant, temperature-resilient, thermal stability
Antonyms: heat-sensitive, thermally unstable, fragile under heat
Usage Examples:
- The thermo-stability of the vaccine ensures it can be transported without refrigeration.
- Certain polymers are engineered for thermo-stability to withstand industrial heat processes.
- Enzymes with high thermo-stability are often used in biotechnology applications.
- The chef appreciated the thermo-stability of the cookware, which maintained its shape under intense heat.
Cultural Reference:
"NASA invests in thermo-stable materials to ensure spacecraft components function in extreme heat during re-entry." - NASA Engineering Reports
Think About It:
Why do you think thermo-stability is crucial in the design of everyday items like mobile phones or car engines?
Quick Activity:
Find five objects around you and rank them based on what you think is their level of thermo-stability. Justify your ranking with simple reasoning.
Memory Tip:
Remember: “Thermo” = heat, “Stability” = resistance to change → If it stays strong in heat, it’s thermo-stable!
Real-World Application:
Thermo-stability is critical in developing food packaging, biomedical devices, and industrial materials that must operate under high temperatures without degrading.
Word-2: Tensile
Context:
"Fish skin collagen has excellent thermo-stability and tensile strength making it ideal for use as bandage that adheres to the skin and adjusts to body movements."
Explanatory Paragraph:
The word "tensile" describes something related to tension or the capacity to be stretched or drawn out without breaking. When used in scientific and engineering contexts, especially in materials science, it often refers to how much pulling or stretching a material can withstand before it breaks. In the given sentence, "tensile strength" means the collagen can stretch along with skin movements without tearing, making it highly effective for bandages and flexible medical applications.
Meaning: Capable of being stretched or drawn out; relating to tension (Adjective)
Pronunciation: TEN-sile or TEN-suhl
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐ Beginner to Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin "tensus," the past participle of "tendere," meaning to stretch.
Prashant Sir's Notes:
"Tensile" is often used with the word "strength" in materials engineering. Always associate it with a material’s resistance to being pulled apart. Visualize a rubber band being stretched – how far can it go before snapping?
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: stretchable, ductile, pliable, elastic
Antonyms: brittle, rigid, inelastic, inflexible
Usage Examples:
- The tensile strength of the new alloy makes it perfect for constructing suspension bridges.
- Spider silk is known for its remarkable tensile properties despite being lightweight.
- Yoga pants are designed using fabrics with high tensile capacity for flexibility.
- Engineers tested the tensile limits of the material before using it in aircraft design.
Cultural Reference:
"Carbon nanotubes have exceptional tensile strength and are revolutionizing materials science." - Scientific American
Think About It:
Why is tensile strength often prioritized over compressive strength in wearable or flexible products?
Quick Activity:
Try stretching three materials around you—like a rubber band, plastic wrap, and a piece of paper. Rank them by tensile strength and describe what you observe.
Memory Tip:
Think of "tensile" as “tension-style” — if something handles tension well, it's tensile!
Real-World Application:
Tensile strength is a crucial factor in selecting materials for construction, sports equipment, wearable technology, and even surgical sutures, ensuring they can endure stress without failure.
Word-3: Regeneration
Context:
"Collagen, one of the main structural proteins in connective tissues in the human body, is well known for promoting skin regeneration."
Explanatory Paragraph:
Regeneration refers to the process of renewal, restoration, or growth, especially after damage or loss. In biological terms, it involves the natural healing or reformation of tissues, cells, or organs. The context here emphasizes collagen's role in encouraging the repair and rebuilding of skin, which is especially useful after injuries, burns, or surgeries. This process is key to both medical healing and cosmetic treatments.
Meaning: The process of renewal or restoration, especially of body tissues (Noun)
Pronunciation: ree-jen-uh-RAY-shun
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐ Beginner to Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin "regenerare" meaning to generate again; "re-" (again) + "generare" (to produce).
Prashant Sir's Notes:
“Re-” means again, and “generation” comes from generate. So, regeneration literally means “to generate again.” Use this word in both biological and metaphorical contexts—like skin regeneration or economic regeneration.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: renewal, restoration, recovery, healing, rebirth
Antonyms: degeneration, deterioration, decay, decline
Usage Examples:
- The therapy aids in the regeneration of nerve cells after spinal injuries.
- Urban regeneration projects have transformed old industrial zones into vibrant neighborhoods.
- Plants like aloe vera are known for supporting skin regeneration.
- Stem cell research offers hope for organ regeneration in the future.
Cultural Reference:
"Doctor Who, the iconic British TV character, survives by undergoing regeneration into a new body when near death." - BBC
Think About It:
Do you think technology will ever fully replicate natural human regeneration? What ethical questions could arise if it does?
Quick Activity:
List three areas of your life or environment that could benefit from “regeneration.” Describe what the process would involve in each case.
Memory Tip:
“Re” means again, and “generation” is like creation — so regeneration = creating again or restoring!
Real-World Application:
Regeneration is a crucial concept in medicine, urban planning, and environmental science. It drives wound healing, urban renewal, and even reforestation efforts, helping restore what's damaged or lost.
Word-4: Pathogens
Context:
"Fish skin swims in here as diseases and bacteria that affect fish are different from most human pathogens."
Explanatory Paragraph:
Pathogens are organisms that cause disease. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Not all microbes are harmful, but when a microbe has the potential to make you sick, it's classified as a pathogen. In the context of the sentence, fish pathogens (disease-causing organisms that affect fish) are typically different from those that infect humans, making fish skin safer for use in medical treatments like bandages for humans.
Meaning: Microorganisms that cause disease (Noun – Plural)
Pronunciation: PATH-uh-jenz
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐ Beginner to Intermediate
Etymology: From Greek "pathos" meaning suffering or disease, and "genes" meaning producer or origin.
Prashant Sir's Notes:
Break it into “patho” (disease) + “gen” (origin or generator). So, a pathogen is something that generates disease. Easy to remember. Often heard in health, biology, and news reports, especially during pandemics.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: germs, microbes, infectious agents, disease-causing organisms
Antonyms: probiotics, beneficial bacteria, non-pathogens
Usage Examples:
- Hospitals have strict hygiene protocols to minimize the spread of pathogens.
- Waterborne pathogens are a leading cause of illness in developing countries.
- The immune system defends the body against invading pathogens.
- Scientists study pathogens to develop effective vaccines and treatments.
Cultural Reference:
"The global response to COVID-19 was centered on understanding and controlling the novel coronavirus pathogen." - World Health Organization
Think About It:
If some microbes are helpful and others are harmful, how should we balance hygiene with maintaining healthy microbial diversity?
Quick Activity:
Draw a simple chart categorizing 5 organisms into pathogens and non-pathogens. Use quick research if needed.
Memory Tip:
“Patho” means disease and “gen” means to generate — so a pathogen is something that generates disease.
Real-World Application:
Understanding pathogens is essential in medicine, food safety, and public health. Vaccines, antibiotics, and sanitation practices are all developed to combat the spread of pathogens.
Word-5: Inhibited
Context:
"The risk of introducing disease agents into other species through the use of pig and cow collagen proteins for wound healing has inhibited its broader applications in the medical field."
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Inhibited" refers to something that is prevented, restrained, or held back from progressing or developing. In the context of the sentence, the risk of cross-species disease transmission has prevented the wider use of pig and cow collagen in medical treatments. The term is often used in both scientific and psychological contexts—whether it's a drug inhibiting a reaction, or fear inhibiting someone's actions.
Meaning: Prevented or restrained from happening or developing (Verb – past participle of "inhibit")
Pronunciation: in-HIB-it-ed
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐ Beginner to Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin "inhibere" meaning to hold in, from "in-" (in) + "habere" (to have or hold).
Prashant Sir's Notes:
“Inhibit” is a great academic and scientific verb. Always think of it as putting a brake on something—whether it’s a process, reaction, or even someone’s behavior. Use it to describe blocks or restraints.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: restrained, restricted, prevented, hindered, suppressed
Antonyms: encouraged, facilitated, allowed, promoted
Usage Examples:
- His fear of failure inhibited him from speaking up during meetings.
- The presence of antibiotics inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria.
- Economic instability has inhibited foreign investment in the region.
- The lack of confidence inhibited her performance on stage.
Cultural Reference:
"Inhibitions often hold us back more than external circumstances ever could." – Brené Brown (paraphrased)
Think About It:
What personal or external factors have inhibited your progress in any area of life—and how can you overcome them?
Quick Activity:
Write two sentences: one using “inhibited” in a scientific/medical context and another in a personal/emotional context.
Memory Tip:
Think of “inhibit” as “in + habit” — something gets in the way of a habit or action, holding it back!
Real-World Application:
In medicine, drugs often work by inhibiting harmful reactions. In psychology, overcoming inhibitions can be crucial for personal development and effective communication.
