Daily Vocabulary from International Newspapers and Publications
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WORD-1: Deterrent
Context:
"In fact, Iranian regime assertions that a nuclear bomb is a needed deterrent against Israeli aggression now will appear more logical to those who doubted it domestically." - Al Jazeera
Explanatory Paragraph:
The word "deterrent" refers to something that discourages or prevents someone from taking a particular action—usually through fear of consequences. In international politics, for example, a nuclear weapon can serve as a deterrent by making potential attackers think twice before engaging in conflict. The idea is that the threat of retaliation or negative outcomes will prevent unwanted behavior.
Meaning: A thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something (Noun)
Pronunciation: dih-TUR-uhnt
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐ Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin "deterrere" — "de-" meaning "away from" and "terrere" meaning "to frighten".
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a strategic and power-related word, often used in defense, politics, or psychological contexts. A deterrent is not necessarily an action but a force or tool meant to prevent actions through fear or caution. Think of it as something that "warns and holds back."
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: Hindrance, Obstacle, Disincentive, Discouragement, Preventive
Antonyms: Incentive, Encouragement, Catalyst, Motivation
Usage Examples:
- The strict school policies act as a deterrent against cheating.
- High fines are used as a deterrent to prevent people from littering in the city.
- Surveillance cameras serve as a deterrent to theft in most retail stores.
- The military presence near the border functions as a strong deterrent to potential invaders.
Cultural Reference:
"Deterrence is the art of producing, in the mind of the enemy, the fear to attack." - Dr. Strangelove (1964)
Think About It:
Is fear always an effective deterrent, or can it sometimes provoke more aggression?
Quick Activity:
List three real-life examples (personal, political, or social) where deterrents are used. Briefly explain what behavior they aim to prevent.
Memory Tip:
Think of "deterrent" as “deter + rent”—imagine a very high rent deterring you from moving into an apartment!
Real-World Application:
In cybersecurity, firewalls and antivirus programs act as deterrents against hacking and malware. In law enforcement, strict penalties for crimes are meant to deter unlawful behavior.
WORD-2: Sanctions
Context:
"Washington has long refused to provide these, even under the administration of US President Donald Trump, which has coddled Israeli officials and sought to shield them from sanctions over their war crimes in the Gaza Strip." - Al Jazeera
Explanatory Paragraph:
The word "sanctions" refers to official measures imposed by one country or group of countries to pressure or punish another country, organization, or individual. These are often economic penalties, such as trade restrictions, asset freezes, or travel bans, typically used to influence political or military behavior. In the given context, "sanctions" are potential penalties aimed at holding Israeli officials accountable for alleged misconduct, but the U.S. has avoided implementing them.
Meaning: Official penalties or restrictions imposed to influence behavior or punish wrongdoing (Noun - plural)
Pronunciation: SANK-shuhns
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐ Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin "sanctio" meaning "a decree or ordinance", related to "sanctus" meaning "sacred" or "made binding."
Prashant Sir's Notes:
“Sanctions” can be confusing because the word can also mean approval in some legal contexts, but it most commonly refers to penalties imposed to influence behavior. In international relations, sanctions are often economic tools to apply pressure without direct conflict.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: Penalties, Restrictions, Embargoes, Punishments, Measures
Antonyms: Approvals, Rewards, Endorsements, Encouragements
Usage Examples:
- The United Nations imposed sanctions on the country for violating international law.
- Economic sanctions have severely impacted the nation’s ability to trade with foreign markets.
- Some argue that sanctions hurt civilians more than the governments they target.
- Companies that violated environmental regulations faced sanctions from the authorities.
Cultural Reference:
"Sanctions are not an end in themselves, but a tool to promote change." - Paraphrased from statements by European Union officials
Think About It:
Do sanctions always achieve their intended political or humanitarian goals, or can they sometimes worsen the situation for ordinary people?
Quick Activity:
Match the following sanction types with their effects: (1) Travel ban (2) Asset freeze (3) Trade embargo — Write one sentence for each showing how it might affect a country's leadership.
Memory Tip:
Think “sanctions stop actions.” Both words rhyme and relate to enforcing control or limits.
Real-World Application:
Governments and international organizations frequently use sanctions to respond to human rights violations, nuclear development programs, or acts of aggression without resorting to military intervention.
WORD-3: Destabilising
Context:
"But even if Israel succeeds in destabilising Tehran, it will not bring about regional peace. This is the lesson that should have been learned from the fall of Saddam Hussein in Iraq." - Al Jazeera
Explanatory Paragraph:
The word "destabilising" refers to the act of causing something—often a government, economy, or region—to become unstable or prone to conflict and chaos. When a power or force "destabilises" a country, it weakens its internal structure, leading to political turmoil, civil unrest, or economic collapse. In the given context, it suggests that efforts to undermine Tehran’s government or stability may not result in peace but could instead deepen conflict, much like what happened after Saddam Hussein’s fall in Iraq.
Meaning: Causing instability or disruption in a system, situation, or region (Verb - present participle/gerund)
Pronunciation: dee-STAY-buh-ly-zing
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐ Intermediate
Etymology: From Latin “de-” (reversal) + “stabilis” (firm, stable), meaning to undo or remove stability.
Prashant Sir's Notes:
Think of "destabilising" as shaking the foundations of a system. It is often used in political and military contexts but can also apply to organizations, economies, or even relationships. A powerful word when analyzing the causes and consequences of change or conflict.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: Disrupting, Undermining, Weakening, Toppling, Shaking
Antonyms: Stabilising, Supporting, Strengthening, Securing, Reinforcing
Usage Examples:
- Foreign interference was blamed for destabilising the fragile political system.
- The collapse of the central bank risked destabilising the entire economy.
- False rumors can have a destabilising effect on public trust.
- Some fear that rapid automation may be destabilising the job market.
Cultural Reference:
"Efforts to destabilise regimes have long-term consequences—Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya are all case studies." - Common theme in post-war international relations literature
Think About It:
Can destabilising an unjust regime ever lead to long-term peace, or does it always bring temporary chaos?
Quick Activity:
Write down three forces—political, economic, or social—that can be destabilising in a country. Explain how each might affect overall stability.
Memory Tip:
Break it down: "de-" (remove) + "stabilising" (making stable) → removing stability. Imagine a table losing a leg—things fall apart!
Real-World Application:
The term "destabilising" is often used in news reports, political discussions, and academic analysis to describe how military intervention, economic collapse, or social unrest can disrupt a system or society’s balance.
WORD-4: Ineradicable
Context:
"His conclusion was that the topics of discussion represented the natural predilections of men and women, a result of differences in their fundamental natures. In his words, his findings supported the supposition that there were “ineradicable differences in the original capacities of the two sexes.”" - Psychology Today
Explanatory Paragraph:
"Ineradicable" refers to something so deeply rooted or inherent that it cannot be removed or destroyed. In the context above, it suggests that the differences between men and women are believed to be permanent and fundamental, not something that can be changed by external influences or cultural shifts. The word conveys the idea of lasting, unchangeable traits or qualities.
Meaning: Unable to be removed or completely erased; permanent (Adjective)
Pronunciation: in-uh-RAD-i-kuh-buhl
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Advanced
Etymology: From Latin ineradicabilis, meaning "not able to be torn up by the roots", from "in-" (not) + "eradicare" (to root out).
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This word is useful when describing deeply ingrained beliefs, traits, or conditions. It’s often used in psychology, sociology, and discussions around human nature or ideologies. Think of it as the opposite of something that can be changed or unlearned.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: unchangeable, permanent, ingrained, immutable, deep-rooted
Antonyms: erasable, removable, temporary, fleeting, superficial
Usage Examples:
- His childhood trauma left an ineradicable mark on his adult relationships.
- Some cultural traditions are so deeply woven into society that they seem ineradicable.
- The book argues that prejudice is not ineradicable, but rather socially conditioned.
- Despite years of reform, some inequalities appear almost ineradicable.
Cultural Reference:
"The ineradicable memory of war lingers in the poetry of Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon, reflecting the trauma that cannot be forgotten." - Literary Commentary on World War I Poets
Think About It:
Do you believe any human characteristics are truly ineradicable, or are all traits shaped by environment and experience?
Quick Activity:
List 3 beliefs or habits you think are ineradicable in your culture or society. Then, reflect on whether you think they could change over time.
Memory Tip:
Think of "ineradicable" as “in + eradicate + able” — not able to be eradicated. If something can’t be uprooted, it’s ineradicable!
Real-World Application:
Use "ineradicable" when writing or speaking about core beliefs, traumas, or traits that resist change — especially in psychology, social science, or history contexts.
WORD-5: Interventionism
Context:
"But further action against Iran appears dependent on bringing the US into the conflict. That is a huge gamble for Tel Aviv given the number of critics of US interventionism among the top ranks of Trump’s advisers." - Al Jazeera
Explanatory Paragraph:
“Interventionism” refers to a policy or practice of a government becoming involved in the affairs of other nations, especially through military force, economic pressure, or diplomatic influence. In the context of U.S. foreign policy, interventionism often implies actions like sending troops, enforcing regime change, or interfering in international disputes. The sentence suggests that some U.S. officials are critical of this approach, preferring non-involvement or limited engagement abroad.
Meaning: The policy or practice of intervening, especially in the political or military affairs of other countries (Noun)
Pronunciation: in-ter-VEN-shuh-niz-um
Difficulty Level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Advanced
Etymology: From "intervention" (Latin: "intervenire" – to come between) + "-ism" (a system or ideology)
Prashant Sir's Notes:
This is a classic political science term. Think of "interventionism" as a country playing ‘world police’—often controversial. Some see it as promoting democracy or stability, others see it as overreach or empire-building. It often appears in debates about U.S. foreign policy, especially post-World War II.
Synonyms & Antonyms:
Synonyms: Interference, Involvement, Meddling, Engagement, Intrusion
Antonyms: Isolationism, Nonintervention, Detachment, Neutrality, Passivity
Usage Examples:
- Many voters were tired of endless wars and wanted an end to U.S. interventionism abroad.
- Critics argue that economic interventionism can stifle free markets.
- Her dissertation explored the history of Western interventionism in the Middle East.
- The administration adopted a more cautious stance, moving away from past interventionism.
Cultural Reference:
“American interventionism peaked during the Cold War, with U.S. involvement in Vietnam, Korea, and Latin America seen as efforts to contain communism.” – Common view in political history discourse
Think About It:
Should powerful nations intervene in the internal conflicts of weaker countries if human rights are at stake, or is that a violation of sovereignty?
Quick Activity:
Research a real-world example of interventionism (e.g., Iraq 2003, Libya 2011). Write 2–3 lines on its outcomes—were they positive or negative?
Memory Tip:
Think “interventionism = entering into other nations’ issues.” Both “inter” (between) and “vention” (to come) hint at getting involved in others’ affairs.
Real-World Application:
Understanding interventionism is key to analyzing foreign policy debates, especially when evaluating military actions, humanitarian aid missions, or economic sanctions taken by major powers like the U.S. or NATO.
