Percentages questions with answers

Percentages: Practice Exercise-1

Question 1: The price of sugar having gone down by 10%, a consumer can buy 5 kg more sugar for Rs 270.
The difference between the original and reduced price per kg is
(a) 62 paise
(b) 60 paise
(c) 75 paise
(d) 53 paise

Answers and Explanations

Solution: (b)

Reduced price => Rp/100y per kg

R = Rs 270 , p=10% ,y=5kg

{(270×10)/(100×5)} = Rs. 5.4

Original prices per kg= Rp/(100-p)y per kg

{(270 x 10)/ (100 – 10)5} = 2700/450 = Rs. 6

Difference will be = 6-5.4= Rs 0.6 = 60 paise

Alternate Method:

Let the original price of sugar be Rs. p.

Then, reduced price of sugar

{p-(10p/100)} = 90p/100 = Rs. 9p/10

Expenditure on any quantity = price × total consumed qty

Total Consumed Quantity = Expenditure on any quantity/price

Now, according to the question,

{270/(9p/10)- (270/p)} = 5

=> {(270 x 10)/9p} – (270/p) = 5

=> {(300/p) – (270/p)} = 5

=> {(300 – 270)/p} = 5

=> p = 30/5 = 6

∴ Original price of sugar = Rs. 6

Reduced price of sugar

(9 x p)/ 10 = (9 x 6)/10 = Rs. 5.40

∴ Required difference = (6 –5.40)= Rs. 0.60 or 60 paise

Question 2: A reduction of 10% in the price of wheat enables a man to buy 50 g of wheat
more for a rupee. How much wheat could originally be had for a rupee?
(a) 400g
(b) 500g
(c) 450g
(d) 350g

Answers and Explanations

Original prices per kg= Rp/(100-p)y per kg

{(1 x 10)/(100 – 10)0.05} = Rs. 20/9 /kg

It means the man can buy 1 kg or 1000 gm in Rs 20/9 or he can buy

(1000 x 9)/20 = 450g in one rupee.

Alternate Method:

Original price of wheat = Rx x/kg

New price = Rs. 9p/10 per kg

Expenditure on any quantity = price per qty × total consumed qty

Total Consumed Quantity = (Expenditure on any quantity)/ (price per quantity)

According to the question,

{1/(9p / 10)} – 1/p = 50/1000

{(10/9p) – (1/p)} = 50/1000

(10/9p) – (1/p) = 1/20

9p = 20

p=20/9

Original Price = Rs. 20/9 per kg

=> Rs. 20/9 = 1000g

=> Rs. 1 = (1000 x 9)/25 = 450 g

Question 3: An ore contains 25% of an alloy that has 90% iron. Other than this, in the remaining 75% of the ore, there is no iron. To obtain 60kg of pure iron, the quantity of the ore needed, (in kg) is approximately
(a) 250.57 kg
(b) 266.67 kg
(c) 275.23 kg
(d) 300 kg

Answers and Explanations

Solution: (b)

In 1 kg of ore, the iron = (90/100) x (25/100) x 1000 = 225 gms

Hence for 225 gm iron, the ore required = 1 kg

So, to get 60 kg of iron, the ore required = (1/0.225) x 60 = 266.67 kg

Question 4: 75 g of sugar solution has 30% sugar in it. Then, the quantity of sugar that should be added to the solution to make the quantity of the sugar 70% in the solution, is
(a) 125 g
(b) 100 g
(c) 120 g
(d) 130 g